Ground enhancement materials are materials which are used to enclosing the grounding object such as a rod, plate, etc to increase the ground resistance. The ground resistance in an area depends on the soil conditions. Areas which have rocky ground, sandy soil or frozen ground will have high ground resistance.
In order to reduce the ground resistance, ground enhancement materials may need to be used. These materials have high conductivity. They increase the ground resistance by increasing the surface area in contact with the ground.
Common ground enhancement materials are bentonite clay. petroleum coke powder, earthing cement (marconite) and salts such as sodium chloride, copper sulphate and magnesium sulphate.