Hydraulic Gradient Line and Energy Gradient Line

Consider a horizontal pipe carrying a fluid.  If a vertical pipe is connected as shown, the water will rise to a certain level due the pressure.  This line is known as the Hydraulic Gradient Line.

The Hydraulic Gradient Line is the differene of the total head available to the device and the velocity head.

Hydraulic Gradient Line = Total Head - Velocity Head


What is the Energy Gradient line

The Energy Gradient Line refers to the total head available to a fluid.  Consider a horizontal pipe carrying a fluid.  If a pitot tube is connected in the line as shown in the figure, the fluid will rise to a particular height in the pitot tube.

This height is called the Energy Gradient line.