To conduct a Load Flow Analysis, the components in a power system need to be modelled. The modelling is done by developing equivalent circuits of the components, such as the generator, transmission lines and line capacitances.
The Generator equivalent circuit is shown below.
The Thevenin equivalent circuit.
This consists of a voltage source and a resistance and an inductance in series with the load.
E = V + IZ
where Z is the steady stage impedance
The Norton equivalent circuit consists of a power source and an admittance in parallel.
INorton = V/Z
INorton = YV
Load
The load is modelled as a resistnce and inductance in a series circuit that is earth
Transmission lines
Transmission lines are modelled as
Short (less than 80 km)
Medium (80 to 250 km) or
Long lines ( 250 km and above)